Canadian
Airspace Classes
for Drone Pilots

Last edited on March 4th 2024

Introduction

As a drone pilot, it is important to understand the different types of airspace and the rules that apply to each type. In Canada, controlled airspace is divided into five classes: Class A, B, C, D, and E. In addition, there is Class F airspace, which can be controlled or uncontrolled. In order to fly in controlled airspace, you must have an advanced pilot license, have a drone with the appropriate safety declaration from the manufacturer, and receive authorization from NAV CANADA. In this post, we will go over the different classes of controlled airspace and the requirements for flying in each class.

Controlled airspace is any airspace where air traffic control (ATC) services are provided to pilots.

Understanding Controlled Airspace for Drone Pilots

Controlled airspace is any airspace where air traffic control (ATC) services are provided to pilots. This type of airspace is generally around airports and other areas with a high volume of aircraft traffic. In order to fly in controlled airspace, you must meet the requirements mentioned above and obtain authorization from NAV CANADA. It is important to note that controlled airspace can change due to temporary flight restrictions or other operational needs, so it is always important to obtain authorization and check the current airspace status before flying.

Obtaining Authorization to Fly in Controlled Airspace

To obtain authorization to fly in controlled airspace, you must hold an advanced pilot license and have a drone with the appropriate safety declaration from the manufacturer. You must also receive authorization from NAV CANADA, which can be done through the Nav Drone app. Once set up, the process of requesting airspace authorization is quick and easy. It is important to thoroughly plan your flight and ensure that you have all the necessary documentation and permissions before attempting to fly in controlled airspace.

Types of Controlled Airspace

In Canada, controlled airspace is divided into five classes: Class A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has its own set of rules and requirements for flying in that airspace. NAV CANADA's Nav Drone app has an interactive map of Canadian airspace.

Class A Airspace

Class A airspace is the highest level of controlled airspace and generally starts at an altitude of 18,000 feet in southern domestic airspace, 23,000 feet in northern domestic airspace, and 27,000 feet in Arctic domestic airspace. This type of airspace is not depicted on aeronautical charts and is rarely a concern for small drone pilots. In order to fly in Class A airspace, you must have specific authorization from both Transport Canada (TC) and NAV CANADA, which can be obtained through an SFOC.

Class B Airspace

Class B airspace is a low-level controlled airspace that exists between 12,500 feet and the floor of Class A airspace. However, it may also include some control zones and control areas that are lower. The dimensions of Class B airspace in Canada can be found in the Designated Airspace Handbook (DAH). To fly in Class B airspace, you must have specific authorization from TC and NAV CANADA, which can be obtained through an SFOC.

Class C Airspace

Class C airspace is controlled airspace that generally exists around large airports and extends from the surface to an altitude of 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL). The size and shape of Class C airspace depends on local airspace management needs. This type of airspace is depicted on all Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Navigation Charts (VNC) and VFR Terminal Area Charts (VTA) as well as in the DAH. To operate in Class C airspace, you must have authorization from NAV CANADA. The Nav Drone app approves airspace authorization requests nearly-instantaneously for most areas that fall under controlled airspace. As you get close to the centre of the action, NAV CANADA will require more time to process your request.

Class D Airspace

Class D airspace is controlled airspace that generally exists around medium-sized airports and extends from the surface to an altitude of 3,000 feet AGL. The size and shape of Class D airspace depends on local airspace management needs. To fly in Class D airspace, you must have specific authorization from NAV CANADA, which can be obtained via the Nav Drone app.

Class E Airspace

Class E airspace is controlled airspace for aircraft operating under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and can exist around an airport as a control zone or away from an airport where an operational need exists to control IFR aircraft. Class E control zones usually extend from the surface to an altitude of 3,000 feet AGL. It can also often exist from 2,200 feet AGL and up in a control area extension surrounding a control zone. To fly in Class E airspace, you must have specific authorization from NAV CANADA, which can be obtained via the Nav Drone app.

Special Use Airspace and Its Restrictions for Drone Operations

In addition to the different classes of controlled airspace, there is also special use airspace, which includes restricted (class F), danger, and prohibited areas. Restricted areas are designated areas where aircraft are not allowed to fly unless they have received permission from the controlling agency. Danger areas are areas where activities such as military training or rocket launches are taking place, and aircraft are not allowed to fly in these areas unless they have received permission from the controlling agency. Prohibited areas are areas where aircraft are not allowed to fly at any time unless they have received special permission.

It is important to note that drone operations are not allowed in restricted, danger, or prohibited areas unless the drone pilot has received specific authorization from TC and NAV CANADA.

Using Airspace Planning Tools for Safe and Legal Drone Flights in Controlled Airspace

There are several tools available to help drone pilots plan safe and legal flights in controlled airspace. NAV CANADA's drone flight planning tool, Nav Drone is an essential app for advanced drone pilots. Google Maps and Street View are often useful during flight planning and site inspections. These tools can help reduce your flight planning time and help pilots ensure the safety of all aircraft in the area.

Tips for Flying Safely and Legally in Controlled Airspace as a Drone Pilot

As a drone pilot, it is your responsibility to ensure that your flights are safe and legal. Here are a few tips to help you navigate controlled airspace:

1. Obtain the necessary training and licensing: To fly in controlled airspace, you must have an advanced pilot license and a drone with the appropriate safety declaration from the manufacturer.
2. Plan your flight carefully: It is important to thoroughly plan your flight and ensure that you have all the necessary documentation and permissions before attempting to fly in controlled airspace.
3. Use airspace planning tools: NAV CANADA's Nav Drone app and Google Maps can help you determine the appropriate airspace for your operation and the requirements for flying in that location.
4. Follow all rules and regulations: It is important to follow all rules and regulations when flying in controlled airspace to ensure the safety of all aircraft in the area.
5. Communicate with ATC: If you are flying in controlled airspace, it is important to communicate with air traffic control (ATC) and follow their instructions.
6. Stay current: Make sure you stay current on any changes to airspace restrictions or requirements (Nav Drone will keep you informed). Make sure your drone pilot license is current.

As a drone pilot, it is your responsibility to ensure the safety of your operation and the safety of other aircraft in the area. By understanding the different classes of controlled airspace and the rules and regulations that apply to each class, you can ensure that your flights are safe and legal.

At FlightPhoto, we offer online drone exam preparation courses to help pilots like you obtain the necessary training and licensing to fly safely and legally in controlled airspace. Our courses are designed to help you understand the rules and regulations for flying drones in Canada and prepare for the Transport Canada advanced pilot exam. If you are interested in obtaining your advanced pilot license and expanding your capabilities as a drone pilot, visit our website to learn more about our online courses.